A 'tort' is when the actions of one person or entity cause injury or damage to another, either intentionally or unintentionally. 'Tort' is another word for damage or harm. Tort law is distinct from criminal law, in which crimes are pursued by the criminal justice system, including the police, the public prosecutor or district attorney, and the criminal courts. In tort law, the victim files suit against the perpetrator, and the case is tried in civil court. Typical tort cases involve the allocation of fault for a particular action, and the awarding of compensation for the harm caused in the form of damages. Torts generally fall under state jurisdiction, and the exact details can differ among jurisdictions. Tort cases include those dealing with automobile accidents, premises liability, malpractice, product liability, defamation, libel or slander, invasion of privacy, assault and battery, or fraud. The damages awarded to the victim of a tort case can be compensatory or punitive. Compensatory damages include actual expenses incurred, compensation for future economical consequences caused by the tort action, and compensation for pain and suffering. Punitive damages are awarded to punish the offender and to act as a deterrent.
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